Vaginal leiomyosarcoma: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Background: Vaginal leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare. Approximately 288 cases have been reported in the literature.

Case presentation: A 60-year-old presented to the gynecological ward as a referral with a diagnosis of vaginal leiomyosarcoma for chemoradiation. She had a history of per vaginal discharge, bleeding, and a posterior vaginal wall mass. Wide local excision of the mass was done at the peripheral facility. The surgical margin was 4 mm and negative for malignant cells. The patient was started on paclitaxel and cisplatin. She underwent 25 sessions of external beam radiotherapy and two sessions of brachytherapy. She is currently on follow-up through the gynecological- oncology clinic.

Conclusion: Surgical excision is the primary mode of treatment for vaginal leiomyosarcoma. Adjuvant chemoradiation following surgery has a role in reducing local recurrence and systemic relapse but with no appreciable effect on advanced disease.